Solar flares are bits of the sun that are launched into space. These are large explosions that occur near sunspots. They are very hot, millions of degrees farhenheight, and have a charge to them. These flares are aranged in a system of how large they are, and how powerfull they are. The largest is the X-class flares, they are followed by the M-class with a tenth of the energy as the x, Then there is the C-class they have a tenth of the energy that the M-class has. Solar flares are only seen via x-ray's. However you can see proof that they do exsit. In fact you don't need much equipment, just go to a computer, or listen to new reports and wait for a solor flare to pop up. Then go out side (or hop on your favorite search engine and type in northern lights) and look for the northern lights.
Solar wind is a area of charged particles in the upper atmosphere of the sun and usually consits of protons and electrons. These particles have a voltage of around 1.5 to 10 KeV. These highlly charged particles can escape the suns gravity because of there high temperture and there high kentic energy. These particles also create a larger bubble around the solar system, this is called the Heliosphere.
Sunspots are areas of the sun that have turned darker than the surrounding area. These large areas some are over 50,000 miles in diameter move around the sun. As they do they expand and contract. Sunspots are caused by areas of intense magnetic charges. These things are cooler than the surrounding sun.
When these thigns move away form the sun towards Earth, weird stuff can happen. They can cause electronics to become disfuctionanall. When high beams of radition hit satilites they can fry the circuts instatlly. When power grids are hit things like the 2005 east coast blackout occur
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/flares.shtml
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/sunspots/
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